大數名稱
本條目列出並討論西方國家常用大數名詞的用法和來源，及其可能的擴展。中文大数名词参见中文数字 § 大數系統。
下表列出一些可以在許多英文字典發現的大數名稱，因此是“真實的單字”。其中顯示的“英國傳統”價值在美式英文中未被使用，而在英式英文中也已經過時，但在非英文區域，包括歐洲大陸和拉丁美洲的西班牙文國家，其他文言變體占主導地位；這兩種命名方式分別稱為短級差和長級差系統。
標準字典中的大數名稱
| 名稱 | 短級差 (美國, 東歐, 加拿大和 澳大利亞英文 以及現代英文) |
長級差 (西歐中歐, 古代英文, 和加拿大法文) |
權威性 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHD4 [1] |
CED [2] |
COD [3] |
OED2 [4] |
OEDnew [5] |
RHD2 [6] |
SOED3 [7] |
W3 [8] |
UM [9] | |||
| Million | 106 | 106 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Milliard | 109 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Billion | 109 | 1012 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Billiard | 1015 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Trillion | 1012 | 1018 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Quadrillion | 1015 | 1024 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Quintillion | 1018 | 1030 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Sextillion | 1021 | 1036 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Septillion | 1024 | 1042 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Octillion | 1027 | 1048 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Nonillion | 1030 | 1054 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Decillion | 1033 | 1060 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Undecillion | 1036 | 1066 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Duodecillion | 1039 | 1072 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Tredecillion | 1042 | 1078 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Quattuordecillion | 1045 | 1084 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Quindecillion | 1048 | 1090 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Sexdecillion | 1051 | 1096 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Septendecillion | 1054 | 10102 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Octodecillion | 1057 | 10108 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Novemdecillion | 1060 | 10114 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Vigintillion | 1063 | 10120 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Centillion | 10303 | 10600 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
除了「million」（百萬）以外，這個列表中的每個以「-illion」結尾的字，都是透過加入首碼（來自拉丁文的bi-、tri-等等）結合詞幹「-illion」產生的派生字。[10]「Centillion」似乎是這些字典裡以「-illion」作結尾的最大數名。[11] 「Trigintillion」雖然經常在討論大數名稱被引用作為一個單字，但並未出現在上述任何字典裡；而利用它所創造的更長大數名稱也一樣（例如 unvigintillion、duovigintillion、duoquinquagintillion 等等）。
| 名稱 | 值 | 權威性 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHD4 | CED | COD | OED2 | OEDnew | RHD2 | SOED3 | W3 | UM | ||
| Googol | 10100 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Googolplex | 10googol(1010100) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Googolplexian | 10googolplex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
所有的字典都有收錄 googol（古戈爾）和 googolplex（古戈爾普勒克斯），一般歸功於卡司尼爾和紐曼的書和卡司尼爾的侄子。在古戈爾家族（googolduplex等等），沒有比他們更高的名稱。根據《牛津英語詞典》的記載，googol、googolplex 和googolplexian是「不在正式的數學使用」的詞文。此外，還有googolplexianth等。
二進制前綴大數名稱
| 冪 | 值 | ISQ 符號 |
ISQ 首碼 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10241 | Ki | Kibi- |
| 2 | 10242 | Mi | Mebi- |
| 3 | 10243 | Gi | Gibi- |
| 4 | 10244 | Ti | Tebi- |
| 5 | 10245 | Pi | Pebi- |
| 6 | 10246 | Ei | Exbi- |
| 7 | 10247 | Zi | Zebi- |
| 8 | 10248 | Yi | Yobi- |
參考資料
- . American Heritage Dictionary 4th. [2018-10-24]. ISBN 0-395-82517-2. （原始内容存档于2007-01-12）.
- Collins English Dictionary （页面存档备份，存于）, 11th Edition, HarperCollins Publishers.
- Cambridge Dictionaries Online （页面存档备份，存于）, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Oxford Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Oxford English Dictionary, New Edition, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. （页面存档备份，存于） (subscription required), checked April 2007
- The Random House Dictionary, 2nd Unabridged Edition, 1987, Random House.
- Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition, 1993, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged, 1993, Merriam-Webster.
- . Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [2009-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-06）.
- p. 316, The History of the English Language, Oliver Farrar Emerson, New York, London: Macmillan and Co., 1894.
- . [2018-10-24]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-02）.
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