芳香化酶

芳香酶
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	3EQM、3S79、3S7S、4GL5、4GL7、4KQ8
識別號
别名	CYP19A1；, ARO, ARO1, CPV1, CYAR, CYP19, CYPXIX, P-450AROM, cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1
外部ID	OMIM：107910 MGI：88587 HomoloGene：30955 GeneCards：CYP19A1
相關疾病
	aromatase excess syndrome[1]
為以下藥物的標靶
	氨鲁米特、阿那曲唑、azalanstat、依西美坦、法屈唑、来曲唑、睾內脂[2]
基因位置（人类）
染色体	15號染色體[3]
终止	51,338,601 bp[3]
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠9号染色体[4]
终止	54,175,394 bp[4]
RNA表达模式
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本體
分子功能	• iron ion binding; • oxygen binding; • 金屬離子結合; • monooxygenase activity; • heme binding; • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen; • electron transfer activity; • oxidoreductase activity; • aromatase activity; • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen; • steroid hydroxylase activity;
細胞組分	• endoplasmic reticulum membrane; • 内质网; • 膜; • integral component of membrane;
生物學過程	• estrogen biosynthetic process; • androgen metabolic process; • negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response; • prostate gland growth; • sterol metabolic process; • negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis; • steroid biosynthetic process; • female gonad development; • female genitalia development; • 乳腺发育; • uterus development; • testosterone biosynthetic process; • androgen catabolic process; • positive regulation of estradiol secretion; • 電子傳遞鏈;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	1588
	13075
	ENSG00000137869
	ENSMUSG00000032274
	P11511
	P28649
NM_000103; NM_001347248; NM_001347249; NM_001347250; NM_001347251;
	NM_001347252; NM_001347253; NM_001347254; NM_001347255; NM_001347256; NM_031226
	NM_007810; NM_001348171; NM_001348172; NM_001348173
NP_000094; NP_001334177; NP_001334178; NP_001334179; NP_001334180;
	NP_001334181; NP_001334182; NP_001334183; NP_001334184; NP_001334185; NP_112503
	NP_001335100; NP_001335101; NP_001335102; NP_031836
	維基數據

芳香化酶、芳香酶（EC 1.14.14.14、英語：），也稱為雌激素合成酶（英語：）或雌激素合酶（英語：），是一種單加氧酶，負責雌激素生物合成的關鍵步驟。由人體基因CYP19A1編碼，是CYP450 酶蛋白質超家族成員，可催化類固醇生成涉及的許多反應。催化涉及甾体激素合成步骤中从雄激素到雌激素的芳香化反应。芳香化酶在许多人体组织中出现，如生殖腺（颗粒细胞）、脑、脂肪組織、胎盤、血管、皮膚和骨骼，对青春期的第二性征发育有重要作用。

芳香酶催化的睾酮轉化到雌二醇的反應。類固醇由四個稠合的環（標記為A到D）組成。芳香酶將標記為A環芳香化

芳香化酶的催化机理：雄烯二酮轉化為雌酮的芳香酶催化機理。雄激素的19-甲基基团经过连续三次羟基化和脱水后，再以甲酸形式消去，同时A环发生芳香化[7]

催化機理

雄烯二酮 + 3O₂ + 3NADPH + 3H⁺

\rightleftharpoons

雌酮 + Formate + 4H₂O + 3NADP⁺

睾酮 + 3O₂ + 3NADPH + 3H⁺

\rightleftharpoons

雌二醇 + Formate + 4H₂O + 3NADP⁺

芳香酶催化的睾酮轉化到雌二醇的反應。類固醇由四個稠合的環（標記為A到D）組成。芳香酶將標記為A環芳香化

芳香化酶的催化机理：雄烯二酮轉化為雌酮的芳香酶催化機理。雄激素的19-甲基基团经过连续三次羟基化和脱水后，再以甲酸形式消去，同时A环发生芳香化[7]

参考文献

.
.
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137869 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032274 - Ensembl, May 2017
. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Vaz AD. . Fisher M, Lee JK, Obach RE (编). . Lausanne, Switzerland: FontisMedia SA. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8247-4293-5.

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外部链接

"U.S. study of gay sheep may shed light on sexuality", via WikiNews, 15 August 2005.
Human CYP19A1 genome location and CYP19A1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

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[1] .

[2] .

[refGRCh38Ensembl-3] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137869 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-4] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032274 - Ensembl, May 2017

[5] . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Vaz_2003-7] Vaz AD. . Fisher M, Lee JK, Obach RE (编). . Lausanne, Switzerland: FontisMedia SA. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8247-4293-5.