葉森橡樹大賽

英國橡樹大賽（Oaks Stakes，又稱「橡樹錦標」、「葉森橡樹大賽」）是一場只限三歲純種雌馬參與的國際一級賽。賽事於每年6月初在葉森賽馬場舉行，路程為一哩4化郎6碼（2420米）。雖然賽事的正式名稱是The Oaks，但因為葉森打吡大賽的關係，英國國內以至全球都已慣於稱它為葉森橡樹大賽（Epsom Oaks）。

英國橡樹大賽
國際一級賽
1801年橡樹大賽冠軍Eleanor
馬場英国英国埃普索姆葉森賽馬場
創辦日期1779年
賽事資訊
途程2420米
跑道草地
賽場類型左转
參賽資格3歲雌馬

這是英國馬季第三場經典賽，亦是季內第二場雌馬限定的經典賽。它同時是英國雌馬三冠的次關（首關為一千堅尼錦標，尾關為聖烈治錦標）。至目前為止，史上只出現過9匹英國三冠雌馬，第一匹是1868年的Formosa，最後一匹是1985年的Oh So Sharp。

歷史

這場歷史悠久的賽事，是以葉森鎮東部一座由第十二代德比伯爵所擁有的莊園橡樹園（The Oaks）來命名。他和賓客們在1778年的一場派對上設想了這場比賽，並在1779年以橡樹錦標之名開始舉行。首屆頭馬Bridget正是由伯爵本人擁有。

橡樹大賽後來成為英國馬壇最重要的三歲賽事之一。至1860年代中期，這個年齡組別最頂級的五場比賽（一千堅尼錦標、二千堅尼錦標、橡樹大賽、葉森打吡、聖烈治錦標，特色是距離一場比一場長），漸被人們稱為「經典賽」。經典賽的概念，後來更傳到其他國家。

歐洲不同國家都有舉辦橡樹大賽，包括愛爾蘭的愛爾蘭橡樹大賽、德國的Preis der Diana、法國的Prix de Diane和義大利的Oaks d'Italia；而在歐洲以外的國家，也有澳洲的澳洲橡樹、新西蘭橡樹和日本的優駿牝馬。

在最初的百餘屆，馬匹在橡樹大賽的負磅曾經多次更改，直至1892年才確立9英石（126磅）的標準負磅。[1]

在兩次世界大戰期間，橡樹大賽曾移師新市場馬場舉行，並改名為「新市場橡樹錦標」[1] 。2014年為紀念去年過世的八屆橡樹冠軍練馬師Sir Henry Cecil而冠名「Sir Henry Cecil橡樹大賽」。[2]

歷屆冠軍
年份 馬匹 騎師 練馬師 馬主 時間
1779 Bridget Dick Goodisson Saunders 12th Earl of Derby
1780 Tetotum Dick Goodisson Thomas Douglas
1781 Faith Dick Goodisson John Pratt 1st Earl Grosvenor
1782 Ceres Sam Chifney John Pratt 1st Earl Grosvenor
1783 Maid of the Oaks Sam Chifney John Pratt 1st Earl Grosvenor
1784 Stella Charles Hindley Philip Burlton
1785 Trifle J. Bird John Pratt 1st Earl of Clermont
1786 Yellow Filly James Edwards Richard Prince Sir Frank Standish
1787 Annette Dennis Fitzpatrick J. Watson Richard Vernon
1788 Nightshade Dennis Fitzpatrick Frank Neale 3rd Earl of Egremont
1789 Tag Sam Chifney Frank Neale 3rd Earl of Egremont
1790 Hippolyta Sam Chifney Matt Stephenson 5th Duke of Bedford
1791 Portia John Singleton, Jr. Matt Stephenson 5th Duke of Bedford
1792 Volante Charles Hindley John Pratt 1st Earl of Clermont
1793 Caelia John Singleton, Jr. Matt Stephenson 5th Duke of Bedford
1794 Hermione Sam Arnull Saunders 12th Earl of Derby
1795 Platina Dennis Fitzpatrick Frank Neale 3rd Earl of Egremont
1796 Parisot John Arnull Richard Prince Sir Frank Standish
1797 Nike Frank Buckle John Pratt 1st Earl Grosvenor
1798 Bellissima Frank Buckle Richard Prince John Durand
1799 Bellina Frank Buckle John Pratt 1st Earl Grosvenor
1800 Ephemera Dennis Fitzpatrick Frank Neale 3rd Earl of Egremont
1801 Eleanor John Saunders J. Frost Sir Charles Bunbury
1802 Scotia Frank Buckle Robert Robson John Wastell
1803 Theophania Frank Buckle Sam King Sir Thomas Gascoigne
1804 Pelisse Bill Clift Robert Robson 3rd Duke of Grafton
1805 Meteora Frank Buckle Robert Robson 2nd Earl Grosvenor
1806 Bronze William Edwards Dixon Boyce Berkeley Craven
1807 Briseis Sam Chifney, Jr. Robert Robson Thomas Grosvenor
1808 Morel Bill Clift Robert Robson 3rd Duke of Grafton
1809 Maid of Orleans Ben Moss Robert Robson John Leveson-Gower
1810 Oriana Bill Peirse Bill Peirse Sir William Gerard
1811 Sorcery Sam Chifney, Jr. Dixon Boyce 5th Duke of Rutland
1812 Manuella Bill Peirse Bill Peirse W. N. W. Hewett
1813 Music Tom Goodisson Robert Robson 4th Duke of Grafton
1814 Medora Sam Barnard Dixon Boyce 5th Duke of Rutland
1815 Minuet Tom Goodisson Robert Robson 4th Duke of Grafton
1816 Landscape Sam Chifney, Jr. Robert Robson John Leveson-Gower
1817 Neva Frank Buckle Dixon Boyce George Watson
1818 Corinne Frank Buckle Robert Robson John Udney
1819 Shoveler Sam Chifney, Jr. William Chifney Thomas Thornhill
1820 Caroline Harry Edwards Robert Stephenson 3rd Earl of Egremont
1821 Augusta Jem Robinson R. Prince, Jr. 2nd Marquess of Exeter
1822 Pastille Harry Edwards Robert Robson 4th Duke of Grafton
1823 Zinc Frank Buckle Robert Robson 4th Duke of Grafton
1824 Cobweb Jem Robinson James Edwards 5th Earl of Jersey
1825 Wings Sam Chifney, Jr. Robert Robson Thomas Grosvenor
1826 Lilias Tommy Lye John Forth John Forth
1827 Gulnare Frank Boyce John Kent 5th Duke of Richmond
1828 Turquoise John Barham Day Robert Stephenson 4th Duke of Grafton
1829 Green Mantle George Dockeray Charles Marson 2nd Marquess of Exeter
1830 Variation George Edwards Bobby Pettit William Scott Stonehewer
1831 Oxygen John Barham Day Robert Stephenson 4th Duke of Grafton
1832 Galata Patrick Conolly Charles Marson 2nd Marquess of Exeter
1833 Vespa Jem Chapple H. Scott Sir Mark Wood
1834 Pussy John Barham Day W. Day Thomas Cosby
1835 Queen of Trumps Tommy Lye John Blenkhorn Edward Lloyd-Mostyn
1836 Cyprian Bill Scott John Scott John Scott
1837 Miss Letty John Holmes Isaac Blades Thomas Orde-Powlett
1838 Industry Bill Scott John Scott 6th Earl of Chesterfield
1839 Deception John Barham Day W. Treen Fulwar Craven
1840 Crucifix John Barham Day John Barham Day Lord George Bentinck
1841 Ghuznee Bill Scott John Scott 1st Marquess of Westminster
1842 Our Nell Tommy Lye Tom Dawson George Dawson
1843 Poison Frank Butler R. Fisher George Ford
1844 The Princess Frank Butler John Scott George Anson
1845 Refraction Henry Bell John Kent, Jr. 5th Duke of Richmond
1846 Mendicant Sam Day John Day John Gully
1847 Miami Sim Templeman W. Beresford Sir Joseph Hawley
1848 Cymba Sim Templeman John Day Harry Hill
1849 Lady Evelyn Frank Butler Tom Taylor 6th Earl of Chesterfield
1850 Rhedycina Frank Butler William Goodwin George Hobson
1851 Iris Frank Butler John Scott Lord Stanley
1852 Songstress Frank Butler John Scott John Scott
1853 Catherine Hayes Charlie Marlow Mathew Dawson John Don-Wauchope
1854 Mincemeat Jack Charlton William Goodwin William Cookson
1855 Marchioness Sim Templeman John Scott William Rudston-Read
1856 Mincepie Alfred Day John Day Harry Hill
1857 Blink Bonny Jack Charlton William I'Anson William I'Anson
1858 Governess [a] Tom Ashmall Tom Eskrett William Gratwicke
1859 Summerside George Fordham Tom Taylor 1st Baron Londesborough
1860 Butterfly Jim Snowden G. Oates Richard Eastwood
1861 Brown Duchess Luke Snowden Joseph Saxon Joseph Saxon
1862 Feu de Joie Tom Chaloner James Godding Richard Naylor
1863 Queen Bertha Tom Aldcroft John Scott 6th Viscount Falmouth
1864 Fille de l'Air Arthur Edwards Tom Jennings, Sr. Frédéric de Lagrange
1865 Regalia John Norman William Harlock William Graham
1866 Tormentor Jimmy Mann C. Blanton Benjamin Ellam
1867 Hippia John Daley Joseph Hayhoe Mayer A. de Rothschild
1868 Formosa George Fordham Henry Woolcott William Graham
1869 Brigantine Tom Cannon, Sr. William Day Sir Frederick Johnstone
1870 Gamos George Fordham Henry Woolcott William Graham 2:46.50
1871 Hannah Charlie Maidment Joseph Hayhoe Mayer A. de Rothschild 2:51.00
1872 Reine George Fordham Tom Jennings, Sr. Claude-Joachim Lefèvre
1873 Marie Stuart Tom Cannon, Sr. Robert Peck James Merry
1874 Apology John Osborne, Jr. William Osborne John King 2:48.00
1875 Spinaway Fred Archer Mathew Dawson 6th Viscount Falmouth
1876

(dh)

 Camelia

Enguerrande

 Tom Glover

Hudson

 T. Cunnington

C. Wetherall

 Frédéric de Lagrange

Auguste Lupin

1877 Placida Harry Jeffery Joseph Marsh John Fiennes 2:54.50
1878 Jannette Fred Archer Mathew Dawson 6th Viscount Falmouth 2:54.00
1879 Wheel of Fortune Fred Archer Mathew Dawson 6th Viscount Falmouth 3:02.00
1880 Jenny Howlet Jim Snowden William I'Anson, Jr. Charles Perkins 2:49.00
1881 Thebais George Fordham Alec Taylor, Sr. William Stirling Crawfurd 2:46.00
1882 Geheimniss Tom Cannon, Sr. John Porter 7th Earl of Stamford
1883 Bonny Jean John Watts Joe Cannon 5th Earl of Rosebery 2:53.00
1884 Busybody Tom Cannon, Sr. Tom Cannon, Sr. George Baird
1885 Lonely Fred Archer William Gilbert, Jr. 5th Earl Cadogan 2:44.00
1886 Miss Jummy John Watts Richard Marsh 12th Duke of Hamilton 2:54.40
1887 Reve d'Or Charles Wood Alec Taylor, Sr. 8th Duke of Beaufort 2:50.40
1888 Seabreeze Jack Robinson James Jewitt 5th Baron Calthorpe 2:42.8
1889 L'Abbesse de Jouarre Jimmy Woodburn Robert Sherwood Lord Randolph Churchill 2:45.00
1890 Memoir John Watts George Dawson 6th Duke of Portland 2:40.80
1891 Mimi Fred Rickaby Mathew Dawson Noel Fenwick 2:54.60
1892 La Fleche George Barrett John Porter Baron Maurice de Hirsch 2:43.20
1893 Mrs Butterwick John Watts George Dawson 6th Duke of Portland 2:44.00
1894 Amiable Walter Bradford George Dawson 6th Duke of Portland 2:50.00
1895 La Sagesse Sam Loates Martin Gurry Sir James Miller 2:48.80
1896 Canterbury Pilgrim Fred Rickaby George Lambton 16th Earl of Derby 2:45.60
1897 Limasol Walter Bradford Tom Jennings, Jr. 2nd Baron Hindlip 2:45.00
1898 Airs and Graces Walter Bradford Fred Day W. T. Jones 2:45.20
1899 Musa Otto Madden Harry Enoch Douglas Baird 2:44.00
1900 La Roche Morny Cannon John Porter 6th Duke of Portland 2:48.20
1901 Cap and Bells II Milton Henry Sam Darling Foxhall Keene 2:44.40
1902 Sceptre Herbert Randall Bob Sievier Bob Sievier 2:46.60
1903 Our Lassie Morny Cannon Charles Morton Jack Barnato Joel 2:44.60
1904 Pretty Polly Willie Lane Peter Gilpin Eustace Loder 2:46.20
1905 Cherry Lass Herbert Jones Jack Robinson William Hall Walker 2:38.00
1906 Keystone II Danny Maher George Lambton 16th Earl of Derby 2:38.60
1907 Glass Doll Herbert Randall Charles Morton Jack Barnato Joel 2:42.00
1908 Signorinetta Billy Bullock Odoardo Ginistrelli Odoardo Ginistrelli 2:42.40
1909 Perola Frank Wootton Saunders Davies William Cooper 2:39.80
1910 Rosedrop Charlie Trigg Alec Taylor, Jr. Sir William Bass 2:38.20
1911 Cherimoya Fred Winter, Sr. Charlie Marsh William Broderick Cloete 2:41.60
1912 Mirska Joe Childs Tom Jennings, Jr. Jean Prat 2:43.00
1913 Jest Fred Rickaby, Jr. Charles Morton Jack Barnato Joel 2:37.60
1914 Princess Dorrie Bill Huxley Charles Morton Jack Barnato Joel 2:38.20
1915 Snow Marten Walter Griggs Peter Gilpin Ludwig Neumann 2:36.20
1916 Fifinella Joe Childs Dick Dawson Sir Edward Hulton 2:35.00
1917 Sunny Jane Otto Madden Alec Taylor, Jr. Waldorf Astor 2:43.40
1918 My Dear [b] Steve Donoghue Alec Taylor, Jr. Alfred Cox 2:34.80
1919 Bayuda Joe Childs Alec Taylor, Jr. Lady James Douglas 2:37.20
1920 Charlebelle Albert Whalley Sandy Braime Alan Cunliffe 2:38.20
1921 Love in Idleness Joe Childs Alec Taylor, Jr. Joseph Watson 2:38.40
1922 Pogrom Ted Gardner Alec Taylor, Jr. 2nd Viscount Astor 2:36.20
1923 Brownhylda Vic Smyth Dick Dawson Vicomte de Fontarce 2:37.00
1924 Straitlace Frank O'Neill Dawson Waugh Sir Edward Hulton 2:47.00
1925 Saucy Sue Frank Bullock Alec Taylor, Jr. 2nd Viscount Astor 2:43.60
1926 Short Story Bobby Jones Alec Taylor, Jr. 2nd Viscount Astor 2:43.60
1927 Beam Tommy Weston Frank Butters 3rd Earl of Durham 2:34.60
1928 Toboggan Tommy Weston Frank Butters 17th Earl of Derby 2:37.40
1929 Pennycomequick Henri Jelliss Joseph Lawson 2nd Viscount Astor 2:35.80
1930 Rose of England Gordon Richards Thomas Hogg 1st Baron Glanely 2:39.00
1931 Brulette Charlie Elliott Frank Carter Charles Birkin 2:39.20
1932 Udaipur Michael Beary Frank Butters 阿加汗三世 2:43.20
1933 Chatelaine Sam Wragg Fred Templeman Ernest Thornton-Smith 2:36.80
1934 Light Brocade Brownie Carslake Frank Butters 5th Earl of Durham 2:35.20
1935 Quashed Henri Jelliss Colledge Leader Lord Stanley 2:41.40
1936 Lovely Rosa Tommy Weston Harry Cottrill Sir Abe Bailey 2:36.00
1937 Exhibitionnist Steve Donoghue Joseph Lawson 沙宣爵士 2:36.80
1938 Rockfel Harry Wragg Ossie Bell Sir Hugo Cunliffe-Owen 2:37.00
1939 Galatea Bobby Jones Joseph Lawson Robert Sterling Clark 2:40.60
1940 Godiva Doug Marks William Rose Jarvis Esmond Harmsworth 2:29.40
1941 Commotion Harry Wragg Fred Darling Arthur Dewar 2:35.60
1942 Sun Chariot Gordon Richards Fred Darling King George VI 2:33.20
1943 Why Hurry Charlie Elliott Noel Cannon Jimmy Rank 2:32.60
1944 Hycilla Georges Bridgland Cecil Boyd-Rochfort William Woodward, Sr. 2:30.40
1945 Sun Stream Harry Wragg Walter Earl 17th Earl of Derby 2:30.00
1946 Steady Aim Harry Wragg Frank Butters Sir Alfred Butt 2:41.00
1947 Imprudence Rae Johnstone Joseph Lieux Mrs Pierre Corbière 2:40.00
1948 Masaka Billy Nevett Frank Butters 阿加汗三世 2:40.60
1949 Musidora Edgar Britt Charles Elsey Norman Donaldson 2:40.00
1950 Asmena Rae Johnstone Charles Semblat Marcel Boussac 2:42.40
1951 Neasham Belle Stan Clayton Geoffrey Brooke Lionel Holliday 2:41.20
1952 Frieze Edgar Britt Charles Elsey Alexander Keith 2:35.36
1953 Ambiguity 繆沙 Jack Colling 3rd Viscount Astor 2:36.48
1954 Sun Cap Rae Johnstone Richard Carver Mrs Robert Forget 2:39.12
1955 Meld Harry Carr Cecil Boyd-Rochfort Lady Zia Wernher 2:47.48
1956 Sicarelle Freddie Palmer François Mathet Suzy Volterra 2:42.00
1957 Carrozza 柏葛 Noel Murless 伊莉沙白二世 2:37.24
1958 Bella Paola Max Garcia François Mathet François Dupré 2:40.48
1959 Petite Etoile 柏葛 Noel Murless Prince Aly Khan 2:35.48
1960 Never Too Late Roger Poincelet Etienne Pollet Mrs Howell Jackson 2:39.12
1961 Sweet Solera Bill Rickaby Reginald Day Mrs Magnus Castello 2:39.24
1962 Monade 冼馬田 Joseph Lieux George Goulandris 2:38.12
1963 Noblesse Garnie Bougoure Paddy Prendergast Evelyn Olin 2:39.36
1964 Homeward Bound 史達琪 John Oxley Sir Foster Robinson 2:49.36
1965 Long Look Jack Purtell 歐伯恩 James Cox Brady, Jr. 2:39.56
1966 Valoris 柏葛 歐伯恩 Charles Clore 2:39.35
1967 Pia 何達 Bill Elsey Countess Batthyany 2:38.34
1968 La Lagune Gérard Thiboeuf 包添 Henry Berlin 2:41.66
1969 Sleeping Partner John Gorton Doug Smith 6th Earl of Rosebery 2:39.94
1970 Lupe Sandy Barclay Noel Murless Gladys Joel 2:41.46
1971 Altesse Royale 盧亦思 Noel Murless Roger Hue-Williams 2:36.95
1972 Ginevra 麥磊 Ryan Price Charles St George 2:39.35
1973 Mysterious 盧亦思 Noel Murless George Pope, Jr. 2:36.31
1974 Polygamy 魏德禮 Peter Walwyn Louis Freedman 2:39.39
1975 Juliette Marny 柏葛 Jeremy Tree James Ian Morrison 2:39.10
1976 Pawneese 冼馬田 Angel Penna, Sr. Daniel Wildenstein 2:35.25
1977 Dunfermline 嘉遜 香迪奇 伊莉沙白二世 2:36.53
1978 Fair Salinia 史達琪 司徒德 Sven Hanson 2:36.82
1979 Scintillate 魏德禮 Jeremy Tree James Morrison 2:43.74
1980 Bireme 嘉遜 香迪奇 Dick Hollingsworth 2:34.33
1981 Blue Wind 柏葛 衛爾德 Diana Firestone 2:40.93
1982 Time Charter Billy Newnes 肯迪 Robert Barnett 2:34.21
1983 Sun Princess 嘉遜 香迪奇 Sir Michael Sobell 2:40.98
1984 Circus Plume 柏葛 鄧祿普 Sir Robin McAlpine 2:38.97
1985 Oh So Sharp 高梵 施素爾 穆罕默德酋長 2:41.37
1986 Midway Lady 郭加倫 韓百里 Harry Ranier 2:35.60
1987 Unite 史永邦 司徒德 穆罕默德酋長 2:38.17
1988 Diminuendo 高梵 施素爾 穆罕默德酋長 2:35.02
1989 Snow Bride [c] 高梵 施素爾 Saeed bin M. Al Maktoum 2:34.22
1990 Salsabil 嘉遜 鄧祿普 咸頓酋長 2:38.70
1991 滑雪姑娘 盧智 鮑爾傑 麥通酋長 2:37.30
1992 易用 杜菲 白禮頓 Bill Gredley 2:39.77
1993 Intrepidity 羅拔時 費伯華 穆罕默德酋長 2:34.19
1994 百利錢 戴圖理 伊巴謙 麥通酋長 / 高多芬 2:40.37
1995 月殼 戴圖理 蘇萊 麥通酋長 / 高多芬 2:35.44
1996 Lady Carla 魏德禮 施素爾 Wafic Saïd 2:35.55
1997 Reams of Verse 范義龍 施素爾 鴨都拿王子 2:35.59
1998 醒太歲 靳能 岳伯仁 Nagle / Magnier 2:38.23
1999 靈活馬 范義龍 施素爾 Prince Fahd bin Salman 2:38.72
2000 神聖的愛 昆爾 施素爾 Lordship Stud 2:43.11
2001 愛幻想 靳能 岳伯仁 Nagle / Magnier 2:36.70
2002 Kazzia 戴圖理 蘇萊 高多芬 2:44.52
2003 Casual Look 戴馬田 包義定 William S. Farish III 2:38.07
2004 占卜 范義龍 鄧樂普 19th Earl of Derby 2:35.41
2005 傲世威王 侯理察 查偉士 咸頓酋長 2:39.00
2006 歷山杜娃 范義龍 岳伯仁 Magnier / Tabor / Smith 2:37.71
2007 Light Shift 戴勤 施素爾 Niarchos Family 2:40.38
2008 請注意 桑迪斯 白祈達 Julian Richmond-Watson 2:36.89
2009 印度虎園 史賓沙 包貝義 Lady Bamford 2:35.28
2010 飛雪仙蹤 莫雅 鄧樂普 Anamoine Ltd 2:35.77
2011 雨中熱舞 莫狄 郗國思 Martin and Lee Taylor 2:41.73
2012 曾幾何時 許覺能 岳伯仁 Smith / Magnier / Tabor 2:38.68
2013 才華洋溢 夏偉卓 白祈達 J Rowsell & M Dixon 2:42.00
2014 蹄活達 韓立勤 高仕登 咸頓酋長 2:34.89
2015 出線 歐道樂 岳伯仁 Chantal Regalado-Gonzalez 2:37.41
2016 各管各 莫雅 岳伯仁 Smith / Magnier / Tabor 2:42.66
2017 成全寶 戴圖理 高仕登 鴨都拿王子 2:34.13
2018 永伴隨 岳品賢 岳伯仁 Tabor / Smith / Magnier 2:40.39
2019 營養充足 戴圖理 高仕登 Helena Springfield Ltd 2:36.09
2020 心之所慕 莫雅 岳伯仁 Tabor / Smith / Magnier 2:34.06
2021 雪滿天 戴圖理 岳伯仁 Smith / Tabor / Magnier 2:42.67

a 1858年跑出了平頭冠軍，在後來的重賽中Governess擊敗了Gildermire奪冠。
b Stony Ford因阻及My Dear而被取消資格，My Dear升為冠軍。
c 1989年冠軍Aliysa後來因在藥檢中對禁藥呈陽性反應而被取消資格。

   兩次世界大戰期間改為在新市場馬場舉辦

參考來源
  1. Waterman, Jack. . Harpenden, Herts, UK: Queen Anne Press. 1999. ISBN 1852916001.
  2. , [2016-06-09], （原始内容存档于2016-08-23）
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.